SPACE 2/SPACE - Library 2 - Volume 1.iso/music/664/spacshut/treaty.txt

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TREATY ON PRINCIPLES GOVERNING THE ACTIVITIES OF STATES IN THE EXPLORATION
AND USE OF OUTER SPACE, INCLUDING THE MOON AND OTHER CELESTIAL BODIES
MULTILATERAL

Treaty on Principles Governing the Activities of States in the Exploration
and Use of Outer Space, Including the Moon and Other Celestial Bodies

Done at Washington, London, and Moscow January 27, 1967; Ratification
advised by the Senate of the United States of America April 25, 1967;
Ratified by the President of the United States of America May 24, 1967;
Ratification of the United States of America deposited at Washington,
London, and Moscow October 10, 1967; Proclaimed by the President of the
United States of America October 10, 1967; Entered into force October 10,
1967.

By the President of the United States of America A PROCLAMATION

Whereas the Treaty on Principles Governing the Activities of States in the
Exploration and Use of Outer Space, including the Moon and Other Celestial
Bodies, was signed at Washington, London, and Moscow on January 27, 1967
in behalf of the United States of America, the United Kingdom of Great
Britain and Northern Ireland, and the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics
and was signed at one or more of the three capitals in behalf of a number
of other States;

Whereas the text of the Treaty, in the English, Russian, French, Spanish,
and Chinese languages, as certified by the Department of State of the
United States of America, is word for word as follows:

TREATY ON PRINCIPLES GOVERNING THE ACTIVITIES OF STATES IN THE EXPLORATION
AND USE OF OUTER SPACE, INCLUDING THE MOON AND OTHER CELESTIAL BODIES

The States Parties to this Treaty, Inspired by the great prospects opening
up before mankind as a result of man's entry into outer space, Recognizing
the common interest of all mankind in the progress of the exploration and
use of outer space for peaceful purposes, Believing that the exploration
and use of outer space should be carried on for the benefit of all peoples
irrespective of the degree of their economic or scientific development,
Desiring to contribute to broad international co-operation in the
scientific as well as the legal aspects of the exploration and use of
outer space for peaceful purposes, Believing that such co-operation will
contribute to the development of mutual understanding and to the
strengthening of friendly relations between States and peoples, Recalling
resolution 1962 (XVIII), entitled "Declaration of Legal Principles
Governing the Activities of States in the Exploration and Use of Outer
Space", which was adopted unanimously by the United Nations General
Assembly on 13 December 1963, Recalling resolution 1884 (XVIII), calling
upon States to refrain from placing in orbit around the Earth any objects
carrying nuclear weapons or any other kinds of weapons of mass destruction
or from installing such weapons on celestial bodies, which was adapted
unanimously by the United Nations General Assembly on 17 October 1963,
Taking account of United Nations General Assembly resolution 110 (II) of 3
November 1947, which condemned propaganda designed or likely to provoke or
encourage any threat to the peace, breach of the peace or act of
aggression, and considering that the aforementioned resolution is
applicable to outer space, Convinced that a Treaty on Principles Governing
the Activities of States in the Exploration and Use of Outer Space,
including the Moon and Other Celestial Bodies, will further the Purposes
and Principles of the Charter of the United Nations,[1] Have agreed on the
following:

ARTICLE I The exploration and use of outer space, including the moon and
other celestial bodies, shall be carried out for the benefit and in the
interests of all countries, irrespective of their degree of economic or
scientific development, and shall be the province of all mankind. Outer
space, including the moon and other celestial bodies, shall be free for
exploration and use by all States without discrimination of any kind, on a
basis of equality and in accordance with international law, and there
shall be free access to all areas of celestial bodies. There shall be
freedom of scientific investigation in outer space, including the moon and
other celestial bodies, and States shall facilitate and encourage
international co-operation in such investigation.

ARTICLE II Outer space, including the moon and other celestial bodies, is
not subject to national appropriation by claim of sovereignty, by means of
use or occupation, or by any other means.

ARTICLE III States Parties to the Treaty shall carry on activities in the
exploration and use of outer space, including the moon and other celestial
bodies, in accordance with international law, including the Charter of the
United Nations, in the interest of maintaining international peace and
security and promoting international co-operation and understanding.

ARTICLE IV States Parties to the Treaty undertake not to place in orbit
around the Earth any objects carrying nuclear weapons or any other kinds
of weapons of mass destruction, install such weapons on celestial bodies,
or station such weapons in outer space in any other manner. The moon and
other celestial bodies shall be used by all States Parties to the Treaty
exclusively for peaceful purposes. The establishment of military bases,
installations and fortifications, the testing of any type of weapons and
the conduct of military maneuvers on celestial bodies shall be forbidden.
The use of military personnel for scientific research or for any other
peaceful purposes shall not be prohibited. The use of any equipment or
facility necessary for peaceful exploration of the moon and other
celestial bodies shall also not be prohibited.

ARTICLE V States Parties to the Treaty shall regard astronauts as envoys of
mankind in outer space and shall render to them all possible assistance in
the event of accident, distress, or emergency landing on the territory of
another State Party or on the high seas. When astronauts make such a
landing, they shall be safely and promptly returned to the State of
registry of their space vehicle. In carrying on activities in outer space
and on celestial bodies, the astronauts of one State Party shall render
all possible assistance to the astronauts of other States Parties. States
Parties to the Treaty shall immediately inform the other States Parties to
the Treaty or the Secretary-General of the United Nations of any phenomena
they discover in outer space, including the moon and other celestial
bodies, which could constitute a danger to the life or health of
astronauts.

ARTICLE VI States Parties to the Treaty shall bear international
responsibility for national activities in outer space, including the moon
and other celestial bodies, whether such activities are carried on by
governmental agencies or by non-governmental entities, and for assuring
that national activities are carried out in conformity with the provisions
set forth in the present Treaty. The activities of nongovernmental
entities in outer space, including the moon and other celestial bodies,
shall require authorization and continuing supervision by the appropriate
State Party to the Treaty. When activities are carried on in outer space,
including the moon and other celestial bodies, by an international
organization, responsibility for compliance with this Treaty shall be
borne both by the international organization and by the States Parties to
the Treaty participating in such organization.

ARTICLE VII Each State Party to the Treaty that launches or procures the
launching of an object into outer space, including the moon and other
celestial bodies, and each State Party from whose territory or facility an
object is launched, is internationally liable for damage to another State
Party to the Treaty or to its natural or juridical persons by such object
or its component parts on the Earth, in air space or in outer space,
including the moon and other celestial bodies.

ARTICLE VIII A State Party to the Treaty on whose registry an object
launched into outer space is carried shall retain jurisdiction and control
over such object, and over any personnel thereof, while in outer space or
on a celestial body. Ownership of objects launched into outer space,
including objects landed or constructed on a celestial body, and of their
component parts, is not affected by their presence in outer space or on a
celestial body or by their return to the Earth. Such objects or component
parts found beyond the limits of the State Party to the Treaty on whose
registry they are carried shall be returned to that State Party, which
shall, upon request, furnish identifying data prior to their return.

ARTICLE IX and
ARTICLE X In order to promote international co-operation in the exploration
and use of outer space, including the moon and other celestial bodies, in
conformity with the purposes of this Treaty, the States Parties to the
Treaty shall consider on a basis of equality any requests by other States
Parties to the Treaty to be afforded an opportunity to observe the flight
of space objects launched by those States. The nature of such an
opportunity for observation and the conditions under which it could be
afforded shall be determined by agreement between the States concerned.

ARTICLE XI In order to promote international co-operation in the peaceful
exploration and use of outer space, States Parties to the Treaty
conducting activities in outer space, including the moon and other
celestial bodies, agree to inform the Secretary-General of the United
Nations as well as the public and the international scientific community,
to the greatest extent feasible and practicable, of the nature, conduct,
locations and results of such activities. On receiving the said
information, the Secretary-General of the United Nations should be
prepared to disseminate it immediately and effectively.

ARTICLE XII All stations, installations, equipment and space vehicles on
the moon and other celestial bodies shall be open to representatives of
other States Parties to the Treaty on a basis of reciprocity. Such
representatives shall give reasonable advance notice of a projected visit,
in order that appropriate consultations my be held and that maximum
precautions may be taken to assure safety and to avoid interference with
normal operations in the facility to be visited.

ARTICLE XIII The provisions of this Treaty shall apply to the activities of
States Parties to the Treaty in the exploration and use of outer space,
including the moon and other celestial bodies, whether such activities are
carried on by a single State Party to the Treaty or jointly with other
States, including cases where they are carried on within the framework of
international inter-governmental organizations. Any practical questions
arising in connection with activities carried on by international
inter-governmental organizations in the exploration and use of outer
space, including the moon and other celestial bodies, shall be resolved by
the States Parties to the Treaty either with the appropriate international
organization or with one or more States members of that international
organization, which are Parties to this Treaty.

ARTICLE XIV 1. This Treaty shall be open to all States for signature. Any
State which does not sign this Treaty before its entry into force in
accordance with paragraph 3 of this article may accede to it at any time.
2.  This Treaty shall be subject to ratification by signatory States.
Instruments of ratification and instruments of accession shall be
deposited with the governments of the United States of America, the United
Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland and the Union of Soviet
Socialist Republics, which are hereby designated the Depositary
Governments. 3.  This Treaty shall enter into force upon the deposit of
instruments of ratification by five Governments including the Governments
designated as Depositary Governments under this Treaty. 4.  For States
whose instruments of ratification or accession are deposited subsequent to
the entry into force of this Treaty, it shall enter into force on the date
of the deposit of their instruments of ratification or accession. 5.  The
Depositary Governments shall promptly inform all signatory and acceding
States of the date of each signature, the date of deposit of each
instrument of ratification of and accession to this Treaty, the date of
its entry into force and other notices. 6.  This Treaty shall be
registered by the Depositary Governments pursuant to Article 102 of the
Charter of the United Nations.

ARTICLE XV Any State Party to the Treaty may propose amendments to this
Treaty. Amendments shall enter into force for each State Party to the
Treaty accepting the amendments upon their acceptance by a majority of the
States Parties to the Treaty and thereafter for each remaining State Party
to the Treaty on the date of acceptance by it.

ARTICLE XVI Any State Party to the Treaty may give notice of its withdrawal
from the Treaty one year after its entry into force by written
notification to the Depositary Governments. Such withdrawal shall take
effect one year from the date of receipt of this notification.

ARTICLE XVII This Treaty, of which the English, Russian, French, Spanish
and Chinese texts are equally authentic, shall be deposited in the
archives of the Depositary Governments. Duly certified copies of this
Treaty shall be transmitted by the Depositary Governments to the
Governments of the signatory and acceding States.



OUTER SPACE TREATY Treaty on principles governing the activities of states
in the exploration and use of outer space, including the moon and other
celestial bodies. Opened for signature at Washington, London, and Moscow,
January 27, 1967 (TIAS 6347). Entered into force October 10, 1967. Total
as of December 1, 1978: Signatures: 90 plus the Ukrainian S.S.R. &
Byelorussian S.S.R. Ratifications: 56 plus the Byelorussian S.S.R. &
Ukrainian S.S.R. Accessions: 14. Notification that it continues to be
bound: 4.